The best Android antivirus apps for 2024
How To Update Google Play Services On An Android Phone Or Tablet
Whether you use an Android tablet, a flagship Android phone, or a budget device, Google Play Services plays an important role in your core experience. It handles your Google accounts, connects your Google apps, and acts as the glue that holds your essential apps together. It also allows must-have apps like Gmail and the Play Store to communicate with the OS. Here's how to keep Google Play Services updated.
Google Play Services: A brief introductionGoogle Play Services acts as a bridge between third-party apps and other Google services like Sign in, Google Maps, and more.
Google frequently releases updates to Google Play Services to deliver a seamless experience on Android. The system usually updates it in the background without any manual input. However, there are times when it fails to install the latest Google Play Services and causes unexpected errors on your device. Before you head to the nearest service center, update Google Play Services to troubleshoot unusual behavior.
Why should you update Google Play Services on an Android phone?Updating Google Play Services to the newest version can help troubleshoot common issues with your Android phone. Here are the reasons to update it on your Android phone:
A bugged Play Services install can be responsible for everything from overheating to rapid battery drain.
You may face glitches when using Google services on your Android phone.
Third-party apps and games may run into exchanging information with Google.
The Google Play Services framework helps Google push modules as a part of Project Mainline. This lets you get critical security updates sooner via the Google Play Store without waiting for over-the-air updates from your device manufacturer.
Google Play Services makes your Android device more secure. For example, Google Play Protect, part of Google Play Services, scans your apps before installing them to ensure they're malware-free.
It may warn you if an app you installed from a third-party website could be harmful.
If automatic updates are activated in the Play Store, the latest Play Services build should be installed on your Android device. However, if you're concerned Google Play Services is outdated on your device, here's how to manually update the APK through the Play Store and by using APKMirror, Play Store alternatives, or other sources on the web.
Google Play Services isn't the same as the Play Store app. It is bundled with Android and doesn't cause excessive data usage or battery drain.
\
Update Google Play Services on AndroidThere are two ways to update Google Play Services on your Android device. You can use the Google Play Store, which is the easy route, or download and install the latest version from APKMirror, a trusted source for vetted APK files. Let's look at both ways, starting with how to update it using the Google Play Store method.
Update Google Play Services via the Google Play StoreThe Google Play Services listing is hidden by default from your view and doesn't appear when you search for it on the Google Play Store. Instead, you'll open your device's Settings menu to find the Play Store listing.
To locate the Google Play Services app, follow these steps:
These screenshots follow the process on a Google Pixel, though the steps are similar for devices from Samsung and other Android OEMs.
Open the Settings app, then select the Apps section.
Tap See all apps.
Selecting the Apps section in the Settings app.
Tapping the See all apps section to view all installed apps.
Close
In the upper-right corner, tap the Search icon.
Type Play and tap the Google Play Services entry.
Tapping the search icon in the upper-right corner to search for a specific installed app.
Searching for the Google Play Services app in the All apps section
Close
Scroll down and tap App details. This takes you to the official listing on the Google Play Store.
Tap the Update button.
Selecting the App details section for the Google Play Services app.
Updating the Google Play Services app directly from the Google Play Store.
Close
If you don't see a new update pending, your phone may have the latest Google Play Services app version installed. If you're confident you're missing a newer version, you can rely on APKMirror to sideload the update.
Update Google Play Services via APKMirrorBefore you begin, find out if the latest Google Play Services version is installed on your Android phone. Here's what you'll do:
Head to the Apps menu in Android Settings (refer to the steps above).
Select All apps.
Search for Google Play Services and tap it to open the App info menu.
Scroll down and note the version number.
A screenshot showing Google Play Services in Settings
A screenshot showing Google Play Services version
Close
Following this, search for Google Play Services on APKMirror and check if the version number of the latest release matches the one installed on your phone. If it doesn't match, download and manually update Google Play Services.
To download the latest Google Play Services version from APKMirror, follow these steps:
Go to the Google Play Services main page on APKMirror.
Tap the most recent listing under the All versions section.
Tap the See Available Downloads button.
Selecting the latest version of the Google Play Store on APKMirror
Tapping the See Available Downloads button to view all Google Play Store versions on APKMirror
Close
You'll likely want to download the arm64-v8a variant. All modern Android smartphones run on a 64-bit architecture (arm64). Download the APK version of the app, not the Bundle.
Additionally, download a nodpi variant to ensure the app runs on any device, regardless of the default dots per inch (DPI) of the display.
Tapping the Download APK button to download the latest version of Google Play Service on APKMirror
About to download the Google Play Store APK variant that works on all devices via APKMirror
Close
If prompted, select Download anyway to save the file. Swipe down from the top of the status bar, then tap the notification after it's downloaded.
Tap Update.
Tapping the Download anyway option to continue downloading the Google Play Services app from APKMirror
Selecting the Update option to confirm and install the Google Play Services app update manually from APKMirror
Close
You may be required to download the bundled version of Google Play Services in the future since the APK format is being phased out. App bundles aren't as user-friendly as APK files, but it is possible to install them. If you want to download the bundled version of Google Play Services, learn how to install it with the APKMirror Installer app.
Regarding third-party APK distribution websites, APKMirror is your safest bet. It was developed by Android Police's founder, Artem Russakovskii. If you're looking for other options, various Google Play Store alternatives may contain the latest version of Google Play Services.
If you still have issues using Google Play Services, go to the app info menu to clear the cache and data. When you clear the Google Play Services cache and data, it removes some information on your device, such as transit cards, COVID cards, financial cards in Google Wallet, and more.
Following the steps below, you may also need to reconfirm your saved payment details in Google Wallet and sign in again on your Google account on all devices.
Go to the See all apps menu in Settings and open Google Play Services (refer to the steps above).
Select Storage and tap Clear Cache.
A screenshot showing Google Play Services storage menu
A screenshot showing Google Play Services cache menu
Close
Tap Clear storage and select Clear all data.
A screenshot showing Google Play Services clear storage menu
A screenshot showing Google Play Services clear all data menu
Close
Updating Google Play Services can also work wonders if you have strange bugs, glitches, or odd battery-draining issues. If you have an Amazon Fire tablet, learn how to install the Google Play Store to enhance your experience. It isn't as simple as installing a single app, but we walk you through the process every step of the way.
View comments
UK Startup Accuses Google Of 'predatory Conduct' Over Withdrawal Of Gmail API
Google has been accused of exploiting a regulatory gap to terminate a startup's access to the Gmail API.
London-based Gener8 said the API is "critical" to its business. The company offers people control of the data that the likes of Gmail harvest. Users can then monetise their information.
Thousands of firms already harvest and sell this data. That's how Google became the fourth most valuable company in the world.
Gener8 promises to take the power back. The startup has built an app that shows users the data that businesses have about them.
They are then offered two options. One prevents tracking from third-party companies. The ads that they support are then removed from browsers.
The other option permits Gener8 to anonymise, aggregate, and monetise user data. In return, the startup provides points. The points are then exchanged for products, discounts, and donations.
The service has proven popular. Since launching in 2018, Gener8 has attracted over 1 million users, £9mn in funding, and gushing praise on the iconic Dragons' Den.
After reaching a valuation of £39mn last month, the startup declared it was on track to become a unicorn this decade. Google's intervention could stall the plan.
A regulatory loophole?The Gmail API gives Gener8 access to electronic receipts. The company can then extract and sell anonymised transaction data.
Gener8 has been open about the service. When it requested access to the Gmail API, the startup explained the plan to commercialise the data.
Google approved the application in January 2023. But 18 months later, the corporation had a change of heart.
In July, Google sent Gener8 a message. The company was withdrawing access to the Gmail API due to evidence that Gener8 was selling Gmail data.
Sam Jones, the founder and CEO of Gener8, described the move as "predatory conduct" and "a clear attempt to suppress a disruptive challenger."
"They've put their hands around our throat in a really anti-competitive manner," Jones told TNW.
Gener8 was accused of violating Google policy. But the startup suspects that the true explanation is a gap in regulation.
For services such as Search and the Play Store that fall under the remit of the EU's Digital Markets Act, Google has introduced a Data Portability API. This allows users to transfer their data to Gener8.
Gmail, however, was overlooked for DMA designation. Consequently, the service doesn't fall under the same scrutiny as Search or the Play Store.
But that exposes a curious contradiction in Google's actions.
The Google rulebookThe Gmail API and Data Portability API are governed by the same user data policy. But the rules appear to have been applied inconsistently.
Gener8 has also requested access to the Data Portability API. In that application, Google has not raised any concerns about selling data.
Jones has an explanation. "Google's interpretation of its own policy seems to vary depending on whether a regulator is watching," he said.
Jones has promised to fight Google's decision. He accuses the company of attacking consumer choice and fair competition. Other data businesses, he warns, could also suffer the consequences.
Gener8 hopes Gmail will soon face the stricter DMA obligations. The startup also suspects that withdrawing access to the Gmail IP would breach GDPR rights to data portability.
Developments in Gener8's home country provide another csuse for optimism. The UK is currently developing a DMA equivalent. Gener8 wants the rules to enforce tighter obligations on data portability.
"Google often claims to be a champion of data portability and user empowerment," Jones said. "But we can really judge a company's values by how it behaves when the regulator isn't standing over its shoulder."
10 Best Business Email Providers For Small Businesses
When you're first starting out with your business, using a standard email like yourname@gmail.Com is all well and good. But as your brand evolves, marketing needs change, and customer lists grow, you might have to step up your email game. To establish your credibility and make space for growth, you'll need a professional business email address with a custom domain (for example, yourname@yourbusiness.Com).
The best way to do this is to use a business email provider like Gmail or Microsoft Outlook. Providers like these let you have a custom domain for your email address to make your emails more professional and credible. Plus, they give you more features for cloud storage, productivity, team collaboration and more.
To help you find the best business email providers for small businesses, we ranked some of our favorites based on features, costs, usability and more.
Best business email providers at a glanceFree plan available
Starting cost*
Free email domain
Productivity suite
Expert score
Google WorkspaceX
$6/user/month
X
✓
4.99 out of 5
Microsoft 365X
$6/user/month
X
✓
4.84 out of 5
Zoho Mail✓
$1/user/month
X
✓
4.76 out of 5
HostingerX
$2.99/month
✓
X
4.65 out of 5
BluehostX
$14.99/year
X
✓
4.47 out of 5
ScalaHostingX
$6.95/month
X
X
4.42 out of 5
IceWarpX
$2.30/user/month
X
✓
4.37 out of 5
IONOSX
$1/month
✓
X
4.36 out of 5
Proton Mail✓
$3.99/month
X
X
4.16 out of 5
InMotion HostingX
$2.99/month
✓
X
4.12 out of 5
*With annual billing. Month-to-month prices are also available at a higher rate.A business email is a professional email address used for work or business (aka non-personal) purposes. Business emails have custom domains instead of generic ones (i.E., yourname@yourbusiness.Com instead of yourname@gmail.Com) and make you look more professional and credible. They also help promote your brand.
Google Workspace: Best email service for businesses overall
Image: Google
Expert score: 4.99 out of 5
Pros and cons Pros ConsWho it's best for
You probably know of Google Workspace and may have used it before. One of the most compelling reasons to choose it is for its value: It comes with a full suite of office software and everything you need to communicate, collaborate and create documents, spreadsheets and presentations. You can even work offline and your work will automatically save and sync once you go online.
Gmail business email interface.
Another reason to choose Google Workspace is its ease of use. If you're a complete beginner to email hosting, you can't go wrong with Google Workspace. It's super easy to set up and navigate and is overall one of the most user-friendly platforms around. You also get Google Meet for video conferencing and up to 5 TB of cloud storage on the highest plans. With Google Pay, you can even send and receive money internationally.
Google Workspace is our top business email provider overall, but it doesn't have the same advanced features as its top competitor, Microsoft 365. However, it is far easier to use, and its features are usually more than enough. Another drawback is it doesn't offer any free domains, meaning you'll need to already have one or purchase one from a domain registrar.
Google Workspace pricingFor most small businesses, the Starter plan will be all you ever need. But if you want to increase storage or video conferencing limits, upgrades are available.
Business Starter
Cost: $6/user/month
What's included:
Business Standard
Cost: $12/user/month
Build on everything in the Starter plan with:
Business Plus
Cost: $18/user/month
Everything in the Starter and Standard plans, plus:
Google Workspace's plans are value-packed with communication, collaboration and productivity apps and are used by some of the biggest companies worldwide. Shared docs, spreadsheets, presentations, calendars and video conferencing make it the best email hosting service for small businesses, especially beginners.
Zoho Mail: Best for free and low-cost business emails
Image: Zoho
Expert score: 4.76 out of 5
Pros and cons Pros ConsWho it's best for
If budget constraints are your main concern, look no further than Zoho Mail. Though you'll need to buy a domain name separately, it's one of the best ways to get a free business email address. The free plan provides up to five email addresses, and the cheapest premium plan costs just $1 per month, like IONOS. However, Zoho Mail includes more storage in its free and base tier (5GB) compared to IONOS' Basic plan (2GB).
Zoho Mail's desktop and mobile app interfaces. Image: Zoho Mail
In addition to its low-cost plans, Zoho Mail is also recognized as one of the best business email providers for its team collaboration tools, which include shared calendars and appointment-booking. Overall, it's our best alternative to Google Workspace and Microsoft 365 if you need a truly low-cost option (there's even a free plan). None of its plans cost more than $4 per user per month.
Because the free plan has low attachment size limits and low storage limits overall, it's best for those who don't depend heavily on email but want a business email address to maintain a professional image. The biggest drawback of Zoho Mail is the interface isn't as user-friendly — though, it can be worth it for the low price.
Zoho Mail pricingZoho Mail is the go-to free business email if you own a domain. Entrepreneurs and small teams can create up to five custom email addresses completely free of charge. Then scale up with plans that add more storage, functionality and even a full suite of office productivity and communication tools similar to Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.
Free
Cost: $0
What's included:
Mail Lite
Cost: $1/user/month for 5GB storage; $1.25/user/month for 10GB storage
What's included:
Mail Premium
Cost: $4/user/month
Everything in Mail Lite, plus:
Workplace
Cost: $3/user/month
Everything in Mail Premium, plus:
We recommend Zoho Mail as the best email for businesses on a budget. For less than $5 a month on any plan, you get a professional email address (even on the free plan), sizable attachment limits, plus shared calendars, emails and folders. You also get tasks, notes and team collaboration tools. If you're looking for a low-cost alternative to Google or Microsoft, Zoho Mail is the best answer to your needs.
Hostinger: Best for all-in-one email and website hosting
Image: Hostinger
Expert score: 4.65 out of 5
Pros and cons Pros ConsWho it's best for
Hostinger is one of our best business email hosting providers, but it isn't solely for email hosting. It also has services for website hosting and building, making it our best all-in-one platform for hosting emails and websites. You can get both for as low as $2.99 a month on a two-year contract.
Hostinger has a clean, simple business email interface. Image: Hostinger
You can also get business email as a standalone for just $0.99 or $2.99 a month; however, these only get you 10 GB and 50 GB email storage, respectively. We recommend getting its all-around plans instead, which start at $2.99 monthly and let you create up to 100 email addresses and 100 websites on custom domains. Your emails also come with up to 50 email aliases and anti-spam and antivirus measures.
However, unlike other dedicated email hosts, Hostinger doesn't have email encryption or anti-phishing measures, so it's not the best in terms of security. If you want more security for your emails, go for a platform like Proton Mail or Google Workspace. Also, Hostinger only has up to 50 GB email storage at most, which is significantly lower than most others. However, for the value you get, it has one of the most cost-effective email plus website plans.
Hostinger pricingHostinger has some of the most cost-effective plans for email and website hosting, considering the value you get when you pair the two capabilities.
Premium (Website + Email)
Cost: $2.99/month on a two-year contract
What's included:
Business (Website + Email)
Cost: $3.99/month on a two-year contract
Everything in the Premium plan, plus:
Business Starter (Standalone Email)
Cost: $0.99/month/mailbox on a two-year contract
What's included:
Business Premium (Standalone Email)
Cost: $2.99/month/mailbox on a two-year contract
Everything in Business Starter, plus:
If you need both an email and website host and want an all-in-one solution, Hostinger is your best bet. Your business email has all the essentials you need. And you can even build your website easily on the platform using its AI site builder and dozens of professional templates. Overall, if more value out of your dollar is what you're after, Hostinger is one of the best low-cost, high-value business email providers.
Bluehost: Best for multiple email aliases
Image: Bluehost
Expert score: 4.47 out of 5
Pros and cons Pros ConsWho it's best for
One of the best benefits of business email providers is the ability to have multiple email aliases leading to one shared inbox. For example, you can have support@yourbusiness.Com and customerservice@yourbusiness.Com all leading to the same inbox managed by the same team. The best business email service for this is Bluehost, as it allows up to 25 email aliases on the starting plan and up to 50 on the higher plan.
Bluehost lets you have multiple email aliases managed in one inbox.
Along with email aliases, Bluehost also offers sizable storage (25 GB and 80 GB), along with documents and shared calendars, contacts and tasks, so it's a worthy alternative to Google Workspace (albeit not as beginner-friendly). It also has spam filters and antivirus to protect your mails' security. However, the drawback is there are no multi-user plans, so costs can run up quickly if you have multiple team members.
Professional Email
Cost: $14.99/year
What's included:
Professional Email Plus
Cost: $24.99/year
Everything in the Professional Email plan, plus:
Bluehost has long been one of the most reliable hosting services, whether for websites or emails. Its email productivity features are comparable to those of Google Workspace, making it one of the best business email providers overall, especially if multiple email aliases are important to your business. The slightly higher price tag can be well worth its many features.
ScalaHosting: Best for daily email backups
Image: ScalaHosting
Expert score: 4.42 out of 5
Pros and cons Pros ConsWho it's best for
If having secure copies of your emails is important to your business, you'll benefit most from an email host that provides daily backups of your emails. One of the best small business email providers for this is ScalaHosting. It's the only one on this list that provides daily email backups—even up to seven daily—and you can restore them anytime from the CPanel. This makes it a good choice if you handle sensitive or important information via email.
ScalaHosting provides up to seven daily backups of your emails. Image: ScalaHosting
On the starting plan, you can create up to 10 email accounts under one domain, which automatically comes with seven daily backups to a remote server. However, the starting cost for this plan is $6.95 per month on a one-year contract or $4.95 on a three-year contract. Unfortunately, ScalaHosting only offers month-to-month contracts on its highest plan.
The highest tier also has the most advanced security features, including real-time malware protection and user controls. This tier also allows for custom branding and white labeling, which is great for resellers. It also includes blacklist monitoring, which is ideal for teams that rely on cold sales emailing for lead generation.
ScalaHosting pricingScalaHosting's offers standalone business email services. But all its web hosting plans come with unlimited business emails and free SSL for data encryption (for domains hosted on its servers).
StartUp
Cost: $6.95/month; $4.95/month for a three-year contract
What's included:
SmallBiz
Cost: $9.95/month; $6.95/month for a three-year contract
Get everything in StartUp, plus:
Medium
Cost: $14.95/month; $9.95/month for a three-year contract
Get everything in StartUp, plus:
Cloud
Cost: $34.95/month; $19.95/month for a one-year contract; $14.95/month for a three-year contract
What's included:
ScalaHosting may not be the cheapest email host, but it's the best email provider for businesses that want or need secure backups of their emails (e.G., businesses that regularly exchange sensitive or relevant information via email that needs to be recorded). Plus, all its plans come with security and advanced anti-spam, so if security is a top priority, it's also a good candidate.
IceWarp: Best for AI-powered business email
Image: IceWarp
Expert score: 4.37 out of 5
Pros and cons Pros ConsWho it's best for
If you've been online for the past few years, you may be well aware of the atmospheric growth of AI tools and how they can help businesses. That also goes for your business email. One of the best email providers for businesses at the forefront of this is IceWarp. It incorporates AI into nearly every aspect of your business email, from helping compose your messages to organizing tasks, at no additional cost.
IceWarp has a built-in AI assistant that can help write and summarize your emails, organize tasks and more. Image: IceWarp
In particular, its AI tools are
However, because no AI tool is perfect, IceWarp's best feature could also be its biggest drawback. AI tools — including ChatGPT — are a constant work in progress and may not always provide the best results, especially if you're unsure how to use them. Another disadvantage is it has no daily backups. And its security is limited to anti-spam and antivirus, so it's not the best if security is a top priority for your business.
IceWarp pricingStartup
Cost: $35/month for 10 users
What's included:
Business
Cost: $2.30/user/month for up to 500 users
Get everything in Startup, plus:
IceWarp may not be as well-known as other email providers, but it has noteworthy features to offer, including high storage limits, substantial video conferencing and all the essentials, at affordable pricing. Most of all, it's the best email service for small businesses that want to explore AI or just want an AI assistant to help with email tasks. You'll also get collaborative documents, calendars, and anti-spam and antivirus.
IONOS: Best for email hosting with a free domain
Image: IONOS
Expert score: 4.36 out of 5
Pros and cons Pros ConsWho it's best for
IONOS is one of Europe's leading web hosting companies and domain registrars, and it's especially helpful for getting business email with a free domain at low costs — starting at just $1 a month. Your domain can include extensions like .Com, .Us, .Online and .Net. Your plan also gets you 2 GB mailbox storage (approximately 10,000 emails). If you need more storage, you can upgrade anytime.
IONOS offers a simple webmail interface with a free email domain. Image: IONOS
Another thing we like about IONOS is it's long been well-regarded for its security measures. On any plan, you get antivirus and anti-spam measures. And on the highest plan, at just $5 a month, you get premium protection. In addition to its security, IONOS also has round-the-clock support. After submitting a ticket, a customer service rep will contact you directly to help troubleshoot any issue.
The biggest drawback with IONOS is it doesn't offer any team collaboration or content creation tools like shared documents or spreadsheets, unlike Google Workspace or Zoho Mail. It's solely a business email provider with a free domain, so it's only best if email is what you're solely after.
IONOS pricingIONOS offers individual and multi-user plans for up to five or 10 users. Or add email to any of its website builder, domain registration or web hosting plans.
Basic 1
Cost: $1/month
What's included:
Basic 1+
Cost: $4 per month
Everything in the Basic plan, plus:
Business
Cost: $5/month for one user; $15/month for 2-5 users; $25/month for 6-10 users
Everything Basic one and 1+ users get, plus:
Although IONOS's email hosting plans lack tools like video conferencing, at $1 or $5 per month, you'll be hard-pressed to find a better (or cheaper) business email provider with a free domain. If you're looking for a solid, secure and reliable host to set up your business emails on and don't need extra content or productivity tools, IONOS is one of your best options.
Proton Mail: Best for advanced email security
Image: Proton Mail
Expert score: 4.16 out of 5
Pros and cons Pros ConsWho it's best for
If your email's security is your number one concern, Proton Mail is the world leader in email security and privacy. All plans, including the free version, include end-to-end encryption, making it ideal for any business that's handling sensitive information via email or wants advanced security. It can be especially well-suited for healthcare providers, legal firms or similar organizations that regularly handle highly confidential or sensitive data.
Proton Mail has end-to-end email encryption, even on the free plan. Image: Proton Mail
In addition, Proton Mail security complies with GDPR agreements. Keep in mind that to ensure compliance, you'll still need to get a signed agreement to fully protect your organization. It also has substantial storage, especially on the highest Proton Family plan, which offers up to 1 TB of storage and up to six users. Proton Mail even has its own calendar, VPN and cloud storage (like Google Drive).
The negative side of Proton Mail is none of its plans offer a free domain, which means you'll need to have your own domain first or purchase one separately from a domain registrar. It also doesn't have the same kind of productivity tools Google Workspace or Microsoft 365 offers. However, for the value you get, it's one of the best email providers for small businesses.
Proton Mail pricingProton Mail includes individual business email accounts perfect for freelancers and entrepreneurs and easy-to-manage business plans billed on a per-user basis.
Free
Cost: $0 (forever)
What's included:
Mail Plus
Cost: $3.99/month (billed annually); $3.49 with a two-year contract; $4.99/month (billed monthly)
What's included:
Proton Unlimited
Cost: $9.99/month (billed annually); $7.99 on a two-year contract; $12.99/month (billed monthly)
Everything in the Mail Essentials plan, plus:
Proton Family
Cost: $23.99/month (billed annually); $19.99/month on a two-year contract; $29.99/month (billed monthly)
Everything in the Proton Unlimited plan, plus:
If your organization needs the most private, secure business email provider on the market, Proton Mail's business plans are hard to beat. As one of the few providers that can ensure both HIPAA and GDPR-compliant business email services, it is ideal for businesses that value security or have customers in EU member countries. There's also a free plan to get started, making it one of the most cost-effective platforms overall.
InMotion Hosting: Best for guaranteed uptime on your emails
Image: InMotion Hosting
Expert score: 4.12 out of 5
Pros and cons Pros Cons
Comments
Post a Comment